.TH MKFS 1
.SH NAME
mkfs \- make a file system
.SH SYNOPSIS
\fBmkfs \fR[\fB\-Ldot\fR] [\fB\-B \fIblocksize\fR] [\fB\-i \fIinodes\fR] [\fB\-b \fIblocks\fR] \fIspecial \fIprototype\fR
.br
.de FL
.TP
\\fB\\$1\\fR
\\$2
..
.de EX
.TP 20
\\fB\\$1\\fR
# \\$2
..
.SH OPTIONS
.FL "\-L" "Make a listing on standard output"
.FL "\-d" "Use mod time of \fImkfs\fR binary for all files"
.FL "\-o" "Use a drive other than 0 or 1 (safety precaution)"
.FL "\-t" "Do not test if file system fits on the medium"
.FL "\-1" "Make a version 1 file system (for backward compatibility)"
.FL "\-i" "Number of i-nodes (files)"
.FL "\-B" "Filesystem block size (in bytes)"
.FL "\-b" "Filesystem size (in blocks)"
.SH EXAMPLES
.EX "mkfs /dev/fd1 proto" "Make a file system on \fI/dev/fd1\fR"
.EX "mkfs -b 360 /dev/fd1" "Make empty 360 block file system"
.EX "mkfs /dev/fd1 360" "Alternate way to specify the size"
.SH DESCRIPTION
.PP
.I Mkfs
builds a file system and copies specified files to it.
The prototype file tells which directories and files to copy to it.
If the prototype file cannot be opened, and its name is just a string of
digits, an empty file system will be made with the specified number of
blocks.
A sample prototype file follows.
The text following the \fI#\fR sign in the example below is comment.
In real prototype files, comments are not allowed.
.PP
.nf
.ta 0.20i 0.70i 1.10i 3i 3.5i 4i
	boot			# boot block file (ignored)
	360 63			# blocks and i-nodes
	d--755 1 1		# root directory
	   bin	d--755 \|2 1	# bin dir: mode (755), uid (2), gid (1)
		sh	\|---755 2 1 /user/bin/shell	# shell has mode \fIrwxr-xr-x\fP
		mv	-u-755 2 1 /user/bin/mv	# u = SETUID bit
		login	-ug755 2 1 /user/bin/login	# SETUID and SETGID
	   $			# end of \fI/bin\fP
	   dev	d--755 2 1	# special files: tty (char), fd0 (block)
		tty	c--777 2 1 4 0	# uid=2, gid=1, major=4, minor=0
		fd0	b--644 2 1 2 0 360	# uid, gid, major, minor, blocks
	   $			# end of \fI/dev\fP
	   user	d--755 12 1	# user dir: mode (755), uid (12), gid (1)
		ast	d--755 12 1	# \fI/user/ast\fP
		$		# \fI/user/ast\fP is empty
	   $			# end of \fI/user\fP
	$			# end of root directory
.PP
.fi
The first entry on each line (except the first 3 and the $ lines, which
terminate directories) is the name the file or directory will get on the
new file system.  
Next comes its mode, with the first character being
\fB\-dbc\fR for regular files, directories, block special files and character 
special files, respectively.
The next two characters are used to specify the SETUID and SETGID bits, as
shown above.
The last three characters of the mode are the 
.I rwx
protection bits.
.PP
Following the mode are the uid and gid.
For special files, the major and minor devices are needed.
.PP
The maximum size of a file system is 1 Gb for a version 2 file system,
and 64 Mb for a version 1 file system.  Alas the 8086
.I fsck
runs out of memory on a V2 file system larger than 128 Mb, so for the 8086
version of
\s-1MINIX 3\s-1
you have to limit yourself to file systems of that size.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR mkproto (1),
.BR fsck (1),
.BR mount (1).
